Monkeypox is a viral zoonosis caused by the monkeypox virus, a DNA virus belonging to the genus Orthopoxvirus within the family Poxviridae. It is a close relative of the smallpox virus. The natural hosts of the virus are likely rodents, and various animals, including squirrels, Gambian rats, and different species of monkeys, can be infected. The disease is predominantly found in Western and Central Africa, with the majority of cases reported in countries such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, and Nigeria. The first human infection was documented in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1970, and the first outbreak outside the African continent occurred in the United States in 2003. Since 2018, countries like Israel, the United Kingdom, and Singapore have identified infected individuals among travelers from Nigeria.
Direct contact with the blood, body fluids, skin, or mucous membranes of infected animals, or consuming improperly cooked meat from infected animals, are risk factors for infection. Interpersonal transmission can occur through close contact with an infected person, including exposure to respiratory secretions, skin lesion areas, or contaminated objects. Prolonged face-to-face contact may also result in transmission through respiratory droplets, and mother-to-child transmission can occur via the placenta or close contact during childbirth.
The incubation period for monkeypox is typically 6 to 13 days, but it can range up to 21 days. Early symptoms include fever, headache, enlarged lymph nodes, muscle aches, and severe fatigue. The disease often progresses to a widespread rash on the face and body, which can lead to secondary infections, bronchopneumonia, sepsis, and other complications. Most patients recover within a few weeks. Severe cases are more common in children or individuals with compromised immune systems and are associated with the individual's overall health status, the extent of exposure to the virus, and the severity of any complications. The case fatality ratio for monkeypox outbreaks has varied widely, but it is generally around 3% to 6% in recent years.
Sekbio Monkeypox virus detection PRINCIPLE
To test monkeypox virus inactive culture, the sensitivity is as high as 1 pg/ml .
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